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CVE-2008-1447
The DNS protocol, as implemented in (1) BIND 8 and 9 before 9.5.0-P1, 9.4.2-P1, and 9.3.5-P1; (2) Microsoft DNS in Windows 2000 SP4, XP…
Medium6.8EPSS 95.2%
- Published
- Updated
- Reserved
- Assigned by
- microsoft
Description
The DNS protocol, as implemented in (1) BIND 8 and 9 before 9.5.0-P1, 9.4.2-P1, and 9.3.5-P1; (2) Microsoft DNS in Windows 2000 SP4, XP SP2 and SP3, and Server 2003 SP1 and SP2; and other implementations allow remote attackers to spoof DNS traffic via a birthday attack that uses in-bailiwick referrals to conduct cache poisoning against recursive resolvers, related to insufficient randomness of DNS transaction IDs and source ports, aka "DNS Insufficient Socket Entropy Vulnerability" or "the Kaminsky bug."
Scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| NVDNVD · Modified | 3.1 | Medium6.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N |
- EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)
- 95.2% · top 0.1% of all CVEs (4 Nov 2026)
Loading the EPSS history…
The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: Medium 6.8.
Weakness
Affected products
n/a
- affected n/a
References (195)
- 1020438 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- FEDORA-2008-6256 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORAx_transferred
- SUSE-SR:2008:017 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_SUSEx_transferred
- VU#800113 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_CERT-VNx_transferred
- 31137 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 31430 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/MIMG-7DWR4J (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- 31169 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- http://www.phys.uu.nl/~rombouts/pdnsd.html (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- 1020702 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- GLSA-201209-25 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_GENTOOx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2052 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 1020561 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- http://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2008-0014.html (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- HPSBOV03226 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_HPx_transferred
- 1020578 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- FreeBSD-SA-08:06 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FREEBSDx_transferred
- oval:org.mitre.oval:def:9627 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entrysignaturex_refsource_OVALx_transferred
- 1020802 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- HPSBMP02404 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_HPx_transferred
- 30131 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_BIDx_transferred
- [4.2] 013: SECURITY FIX: July 23, 2008 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_OPENBSDx_transferred
- 31236 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- APPLE-SA-2008-09-15 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_APPLEx_transferred
- 1020651 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- 1020437 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- 31209 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 31012 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 31151 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2050 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX117991 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- 31237 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- http://www.phys.uu.nl/~rombouts/pdnsd/ChangeLog (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- APPLE-SA-2008-07-31 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_APPLEx_transferred
- win-dns-client-server-spoofing(43334) (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_XFx_transferred
- 31495 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 6130 (opens in a new tab)exploitx_refsource_EXPLOIT-DBx_transferred
- 20080708 Multiple Cisco Products Vulnerable to DNS Cache Poisoning Attacks (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCOx_transferred
- 1020579 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- http://www.nominum.com/asset_upload_file741_2661.pdf (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISCx_transferred
- 1020653 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- 30998 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- DSA-1603 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIANx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2525 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- SUSE-SA:2008:033 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_SUSEx_transferred
- 31094 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- IZ26668 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_AIXAPARx_transferred
- 31687 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2025 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 239392 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_SUNALERTx_transferred
- TA08-260A (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_CERTx_transferred
- 31588 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 31019 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2029 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- SSRT080058 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_HPx_transferred
- 6123 (opens in a new tab)exploitx_refsource_EXPLOIT-DBx_transferred
- IZ26671 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_AIXAPARx_transferred
- FEDORA-2008-6281 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORAx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2268 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- ADV-2009-0297 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 31207 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 31031 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2584 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 31451 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2051 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 30977 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- RHSA-2008:0789 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHATx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2377 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- HPSBNS02405 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_HPx_transferred
- 1020558 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- 31221 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- RHSA-2008:0533 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHATx_transferred
- [4.3] 004: SECURITY FIX: July 23, 2008 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_OPENBSDx_transferred
- 1020804 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- 31143 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 20080808 New paper: An Illustrated Guide to the Kaminsky DNS Vulnerability (opens in a new tab)mailing-listx_refsource_BUGTRAQx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2195 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2196 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 33714 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- HPSBTU02358 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_HPx_transferred
- 33786 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 1020448 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- 31882 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2384 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- IZ26669 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_AIXAPARx_transferred
- http://up2date.astaro.com/2008/08/up2date_7202_released.html (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2123 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3026 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- 31014 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 30979 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 1020575 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2008/08/08/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-ruby/ (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2482 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- IZ26672 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_AIXAPARx_transferred
- http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3129 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- DSA-1619 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIANx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2166 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 31072 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2139 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- oval:org.mitre.oval:def:5761 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entrysignaturex_refsource_OVALx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2092 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 31482 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- IZ26670 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_AIXAPARx_transferred
- MDVSA-2008:139 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_MANDRIVAx_transferred
- oval:org.mitre.oval:def:5917 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entrysignaturex_refsource_OVALx_transferred
- 30989 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2055 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- http://support.nortel.com/go/main.jsp?cscat=BLTNDETAIL&id=762152 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- http://www.ipcop.org/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=40 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- 31065 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 31254 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 20080830 VMSA-2008-0014 Updates to VMware Workstation, VMware Player, VMware ACE, VMware Server, VMware ESX address information disclosure, privilege escalation and other security issues. (opens in a new tab)mailing-listx_refsource_BUGTRAQx_transferred
- http://www.doxpara.com/?p=1176 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISCx_transferred
- USN-627-1 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTUx_transferred
- ADV-2010-0622 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 1020576 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- http://www.isc.org/index.pl?/sw/bind/bind-security.php (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- HPSBOV02357 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_HPx_transferred
- 31153 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- http://wiki.rpath.com/wiki/Advisories:rPSA-2008-0231 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2549 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- IZ26667 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_AIXAPARx_transferred
- http://www.rtpro.yamaha.co.jp/RT/FAQ/Security/VU800113.html (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- 31213 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 31030 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- USN-622-1 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTUx_transferred
- 31033 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- http://www.unixwiz.net/techtips/iguide-kaminsky-dns-vuln.html (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISCx_transferred
- 1020440 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- APPLE-SA-2008-09-12 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_APPLEx_transferred
- http://www.doxpara.com/DMK_BO2K8.ppt (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISCx_transferred
- 20080830 VMSA-2008-0014 Updates to VMware Workstation, VMware Player, VMware ACE, VMware Server, VMware ESX address information disclosure, privilege escalation and other security issues. (opens in a new tab)mailing-listx_refsource_FULLDISCx_transferred
- DSA-1604 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIANx_transferred
- 31823 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 31326 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2558 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 6122 (opens in a new tab)exploitx_refsource_EXPLOIT-DBx_transferred
- oval:org.mitre.oval:def:5725 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entrysignaturex_refsource_OVALx_transferred
- http://www.caughq.org/exploits/CAU-EX-2008-0003.txt (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISCx_transferred
- cisco-multiple-dns-cache-poisoning(43637) (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_XFx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2383 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 1020560 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- 31900 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/MIMG-7ECL8Q (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX118183 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- 30925 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- ADV-2009-0311 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- http://wiki.rpath.com/wiki/Advisories:rPSA-2010-0018 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- DSA-1623 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIANx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2582 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- http://www.caughq.org/exploits/CAU-EX-2008-0002.txt (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISCx_transferred
- DSA-1605 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIANx_transferred
- http://www.novell.com/support/viewContent.do?externalId=7000912 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- http://www.bluecoat.com/support/security-advisories/dns_cache_poisoning (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2342 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2114 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 30973 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 31204 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 31354 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- GLSA-200812-17 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_GENTOOx_transferred
- oval:org.mitre.oval:def:12117 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entrysignaturex_refsource_OVALx_transferred
- 33178 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 30988 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- APPLE-SA-2008-09-09 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_APPLEx_transferred
- 31011 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- http://blog.invisibledenizen.org/2008/07/kaminskys-dns-issue-accidentally-leaked.html (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISCx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2334 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 1020577 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- 31422 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 31197 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 1020548 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2467 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 240048 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_SUNALERTx_transferred
- TA08-190B (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_CERTx_transferred
- TA08-190A (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_CERTx_transferred
- GLSA-200807-08 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_GENTOOx_transferred
- 31022 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- SSA:2008-191 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_SLACKWAREx_transferred
- 1020449 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKx_transferred
- 31093 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 31052 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- 30980 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- SSA:2008-205-01 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_SLACKWAREx_transferred
- http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=494401 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- 31199 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2030 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2291 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2023 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2466 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- MS08-037 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_MSx_transferred
- 31212 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2113 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- 31152 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2019 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
- ADV-2008-2197 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_VUPENx_transferred
Sources
The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.
- CVE.org record (opens in a new tab)
- CVE List JSON (GitHub) (opens in a new tab)
- NVD (opens in a new tab)
- FIRST EPSS (opens in a new tab)
- OSV.dev (opens in a new tab)
- GitHub Advisories (opens in a new tab)
- CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup (opens in a new tab)
Badge for a README or a ticket
[](https://trackcve.app/cve/CVE-2008-1447)Record last updated .