Infinite loop triggered by connection ID retirement

Description

Cloudflare quiche was discovered to be vulnerable to an infinite loop when sending packets containing RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID frames. QUIC connections possess a set of connection identifiers (IDs); see Section 5.1 of RFC 9000 https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9000#section-5.1 . Once the QUIC handshake completes, a local endpoint is responsible for issuing and retiring Connection IDs that are used by the remote peer to populate the Destination Connection ID field in packets sent from remote to local. Each Connection ID has a sequence number to ensure synchronization between peers. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by first completing a handshake and then sending a specially-crafted set of frames that trigger a connection ID retirement in the victim. When the victim attempts to send a packet containing RETIRE_CONNECTION_ID frames, Section 19.16 of RFC 9000 https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9000#section-19.6 requires that the sequence number of the retired connection ID must not be the same as the sequence number of the connection ID used by the packet. In other words, a packet cannot contain a frame that retires itself. In scenarios such as path migration, it is possible for there to be multiple active paths with different active connection IDs that could be used to retire each other. The exploit triggered an unintentional behaviour of a quiche design feature that supports retirement across paths while maintaining full connection ID synchronization, leading to an infinite loop.This issue affects quiche: from 0.15.0 before 0.24.5.

Scores

EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)

0.45% · top 61% of all CVEs (7 Nov 2026)

CISA SSVC

Exploitation: none · Automatable: yes · Technical impact: partial

The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: High 8.7.

Weakness

• CWE-835 Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop') (opens in a new tab)All about CWE-835 and its CVEs

Affected products

• Cloudflare · quiche

  • affected 0.15.0 – < 0.24.5

Affected packages

From reviewed advisories of the GitHub Advisory Database.

• crates.ioquicheGHSA-m3hh-f9gh-74c2 (opens in a new tab)

References (1)

• https://github.com/cloudflare/quiche/security/advisories/GHSA-m3hh-f9gh-74c2 (opens in a new tab)

Sources

The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.

• CVE.org record (opens in a new tab)
• CVE List JSON (GitHub) (opens in a new tab)
• NVD (opens in a new tab)
• FIRST EPSS (opens in a new tab)
• OSV.dev (opens in a new tab)
• GitHub Advisory GHSA-m3hh-f9gh-74c2 (opens in a new tab)
• CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup (opens in a new tab)

Badge for a README or a ticket

[![CVE-2025-7054](https://trackcve.app/badge/CVE-2025-7054.svg)](https://trackcve.app/cve/CVE-2025-7054)

Record last updated 7 Aug 2025, 15:52 UTC.