CVE-2026-16732
fastify vulnerable to X-Forwarded-* spoofing under trustProxy hop-count
- Published
- Updated
- Reserved
- Assigned by
- openjs
Description
fastify is a fast and low overhead web framework for Node.js. Impact: the fix for CVE-2026-3635 added a guard on the forwarded-header reads used to derive the request host, protocol, hostname, ip, and ips values, checking the connecting address. That guard closes the IP, CIDR, and custom-function forms of trustProxy correctly, because those forms compile to predicates that inspect the connecting address. The hop-count form, where trustProxy is set to a number, compiles to a predicate that structurally ignores the address, so the guard is always satisfied for any hop count of one or more. Applications configured with a numeric trustProxy value, such as trustProxy set to 1 for a single reverse proxy, remain vulnerable: an attacker who can reach the Fastify origin directly, bypassing the front-facing proxy, can spoof the forwarded request fields exactly as in the unpatched version. The impact class matches the parent CVE-2026-3635, including host injection in generated URLs, HTTPS-enforcement bypass, secure-cookie and CSRF-origin bypass, and host-based routing and cache poisoning. Affected versions are fastify from 5.8.3 up to but not including 5.12.1. Patches: patched in fastify 5.12.1, where the numeric form of trustProxy is disabled at runtime and removed from the TypeScript type union. Workarounds: migrate to an IP, CIDR, or custom-function trustProxy value that validates the connecting address, and ensure the Fastify origin is only reachable through the trusted proxy chain.
Scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| openjsCNA (assigner) | 3.1 | Medium6.1 | CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N |
| NVDNVD · Analyzed | 3.1 | Medium6.1 | CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N |
- EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)
- 0.16% · top 95% of all CVEs (6 Nov 2026)
- CISA SSVC
- Exploitation: none · Automatable: no · Technical impact: partial
The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: Medium 6.1.
Weakness
Affected products
Affected packages
From reviewed advisories of the GitHub Advisory Database.
- npmfastifyGHSA-3m5p-2c4r-xxw2 (opens in a new tab)
References (2)
Sources
The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.
- CVE.org record (opens in a new tab)
- CVE List JSON (GitHub) (opens in a new tab)
- NVD (opens in a new tab)
- FIRST EPSS (opens in a new tab)
- OSV.dev (opens in a new tab)
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-3m5p-2c4r-xxw2 (opens in a new tab)
- CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup (opens in a new tab)
Badge for a README or a ticket
[](https://trackcve.app/cve/CVE-2026-16732)Record last updated .