CVE-2026-33895
Forge has signature forgery in Ed25519 due to missing S > L check
- Published
- Updated
- Reserved
- Assigned by
- GitHub_M
Description
Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to version 1.4.0, Ed25519 signature verification accepts forged non-canonical signatures where the scalar S is not reduced modulo the group order (`S >= L`). A valid signature and its `S + L` variant both verify in forge, while Node.js `crypto.verify` (OpenSSL-backed) rejects the `S + L` variant, as defined by the specification. This class of signature malleability has been exploited in practice to bypass authentication and authorization logic (see CVE-2026-25793, CVE-2022-35961). Applications relying on signature uniqueness (i.e., dedup by signature bytes, replay tracking, signed-object canonicalization checks) may be bypassed. Version 1.4.0 patches the issue.
Scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitHub_MCNA (assigner) | 3.1 | High7.5 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N |
| redhat-SADPADP (enrichment) | 3.1 | High7.5 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N |
| NVDNVD · Modified | 3.1 | High7.5 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N |
- EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)
- 0.53% · top 55% of all CVEs (6 Nov 2026)
- CISA SSVC
- Exploitation: poc · Automatable: yes · Technical impact: partial
The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: High 7.5.
Weakness
Affected products
- affected < 1.4.0
Affected packages
From reviewed advisories of the GitHub Advisory Database.
- npmnode-forgeGHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw (opens in a new tab)
References (10)
- https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMexploit
- https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/bdecf11571c9f1a487cc0fe72fe78ff6dfa96b85 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032#section-8.4 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-33895 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
- RHBZ#2452457 (opens in a new tab)issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-33895.json (opens in a new tab)x_sadp-csaf-vex
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24761 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34342 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:9742 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13826 (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
Sources
The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.
- CVE.org record (opens in a new tab)
- CVE List JSON (GitHub) (opens in a new tab)
- NVD (opens in a new tab)
- FIRST EPSS (opens in a new tab)
- OSV.dev (opens in a new tab)
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw (opens in a new tab)
- CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup (opens in a new tab)
Badge for a README or a ticket
[](https://trackcve.app/cve/CVE-2026-33895)Record last updated .