CVE-2026-40342
Firebird: Path Traversal + Arbitrary File Write Leads to Remote Code Execution
- Published
- Updated
- Reserved
- Assigned by
- GitHub_M
Description
Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.
Scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitHub_MCNA (assigner) | 3.1 | Critical10.0 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| NVDNVD · Analyzed | 3.1 | Critical9.9 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H |
- EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)
- 0.69% · top 47% of all CVEs (5 Nov 2026)
- CISA SSVC
- Exploitation: none · Automatable: no · Technical impact: total
The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: Critical 10.0.
Weakness
- CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') (opens in a new tab)All about CWE-22 and its CVEs
- CWE-427: Uncontrolled Search Path Element (opens in a new tab)All about CWE-427 and its CVEs
- CWE-73: External Control of File Name or Path (opens in a new tab)All about CWE-73 and its CVEs
- CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') (opens in a new tab)All about CWE-94 and its CVEs
Affected products
- affected < 3.0.14
- affected >= 4.0.0, < 4.0.7
- affected >= 5.0.0, < 5.0.4
References (4)
- https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRM
- https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
Sources
The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.
- CVE.org record (opens in a new tab)
- CVE List JSON (GitHub) (opens in a new tab)
- NVD (opens in a new tab)
- FIRST EPSS (opens in a new tab)
- OSV.dev (opens in a new tab)
- GitHub Advisories (opens in a new tab)
- CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup (opens in a new tab)
Badge for a README or a ticket
[](https://trackcve.app/cve/CVE-2026-40342)Record last updated .